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Noninsulin antidiabetic prescription patterns in Colombia: a cross-sectional study
Jorge Enrique Machado-Alba1, Andrés Gaviria-Mendoza2,3, Manuel Enrique Machado-Duque2,3
1Grupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A., 105 # 14-140, Pereira, Risaralda 660003, Colombia.
Background:
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to increase; the clinical practice guidelines continue to modify the recommendations for its treatment.
Objective:
The aim was to determine the prescription patterns of noninsulin antidiabetics in a group of patients from Colombia.
Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Methods:
The use of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs based on a population database of patients under treatment in 2022. Comorbidities were identified, including total numbers, proportions, and defined daily doses of each antidiabetic agent per 1000 inhabitants/day (DHD).
Results:
A total of 155,381 patients with T2DM were identified, with a mean age of 67.1 ± 12.0 years. The most widely used antidiabetics according to DHD were metformin (9.46 DHD), empagliflozin (5.3), sitagliptin (2.8), linagliptin (2.4), and dapagliflozin (2.3), mainly in combination therapy (55.5%), most often two (31.2% of patients) or three antidiabetics (22.4% of patients). The most frequent cardiovascular comorbidities were hypertension (67.6%), chronic kidney disease (6.3%), and coronary ischemic heart disease (2.5%), treated with angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists, followed by diuretics, calcium antagonists, and β-blockers.
Conclusion:
This group of patients with T2DM has been treated mainly with metformin alone or in combination with other antidiabetic drugs, but despite the changes in treatment in recent years, a significant number of patients with concomitant cardiovascular conditions are not receiving appropriate antidiabetic agents. Sodium-glucose type 2 cotransporter or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may offer additional benefits with reduced cardiovascular risk.
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