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Related Concept Videos

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

5.7K
Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
555
Nomenclature of Secondary and Tertiary Amines01:12

Nomenclature of Secondary and Tertiary Amines

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The secondary and tertiary amines are derivatives of ammonia, where two and three of its hydrogens are replaced by alkyl groups, respectively. Secondary and tertiary amines can be symmetrical with identical alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom or unsymmetrical when more than one type of alkyl group is present. The standard nomenclature of secondary and tertiary amines is similar to the names given to the primary amines. They are generally named alkylamines. As depicted in Figure 1, for...
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Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines01:30

Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines

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Alkylation is one of the methods used to prepare amines. Direct alkylation of ammonia or a primary amine with an alkyl halide gives polyalkylated amines along with a quaternary ammonium salt through successive SN2 reactions. This process of making the quaternary salt through the direct alkylation method is called exhaustive alkylation.
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...
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Acidity of 1-Alkynes02:42

Acidity of 1-Alkynes

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The acidic strength of hydrocarbons follows the order: Alkynes > Alkenes > Alkanes. The strength of an acid is commonly expressed in units of pKa — the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. Among the hydrocarbons, terminal alkynes have lower pKa values and are, therefore, more acidic. For example, the pKa values for ethane, ethene, and acetylene are 51, 44, and 25, respectively, as shown here.
9.6K
Basicity of Aliphatic Amines01:21

Basicity of Aliphatic Amines

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Amines can behave as Brønsted–Lowry bases by accepting a proton from the acid to form corresponding conjugate acids. Due to a lone pair of nonbonding electrons, aliphatic amines can also act as Lewis bases by forming a covalent bond with an electrophile.
To measure the basicity of amines, two conventions are generally used. The first defines Kb as the basicity constant for the deprotonation reaction of water by the amine, as presented in Figure 1. Conventionally, lower Kb indicates...
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Tertiary-Amine-Functional Poly(arylene ether)s for Acid-Gas Separations.

Pablo A Dean1, Yifan Wu2, Sheng Guo2

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new microporous polymers with tertiary amines for improved gas separation membranes. These materials overcome processing limitations while enhancing selectivity for acid gases like carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Microporous polymers with primary amines show enhanced CO2 selectivity via competitive sorption.
  • Strong hydrogen bonding in these polymers limits solvent solubility, hindering membrane fabrication.
  • Solution processing is crucial for creating advanced membrane materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate microporous poly(arylene ether)s (PAEs) with tertiary amines for gas separation.
  • To overcome the processing challenges associated with primary amine-functionalized polymers.
  • To investigate the role of tertiary amines in competitive sorption for acid gas separations.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of eight microporous poly(arylene ether)s (PAEs) featuring tertiary amine groups.
  • High-pressure gas sorption isotherm measurements for H2S, CO2, and CH4.
  • Comparison of sorption behavior with unfunctionalized control polymers and primary amine analogs.

Main Results:

  • All synthesized tertiary amine PAEs exhibited enhanced affinity for acid gases (H2S, CO2) over CH4.
  • Competitive sorption effects were observed, though less pronounced than in primary amine polymers.
  • For H2S separations, competitive sorption benefits counteracted plasticization-induced selectivity loss.

Conclusions:

  • Tertiary amine functionalization offers a viable route to solution-processable microporous polymers for gas separations.
  • These materials demonstrate potential for acid gas separation, with tertiary amines playing a key role.
  • The study provides insights into optimizing polymer structure for enhanced gas separation performance.