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Methylene Blue: An FDA-Approved NIR-II Fluorogenic Probe with Extremely Low pH Responsibility for Hyperchlorhydria
Guanjun Deng1, Siwei Zhang2, Xinghua Peng1
1Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China.
Abstract:
Methylene blue (MB) is an FDA (Food and Drug Administration)-approved contrast agent with donor-acceptor (D-A) structure integrated with carbonyl-containing nitrogen-heterocycles. MB can be converted into MBH (protonated MB) by protonation, which not only induces the fluorescence emission red-shifted from the first near-infrared window (NIR-I, 650-950 nm) to the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) but also achieves ACQ-to-AIE conversion. MB has been successfully demonstrated in hyperacidemia imaging with an extremely low pH value (<1).
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