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Phase-locked high-brightness interband cascade laser array with multimode interferometer couplers.

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    We developed a phase-locked interband cascade laser (ICL) array for mid-infrared applications. This design enhances heat dissipation and achieves in-phase operation for high-power laser output.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Semiconductor Lasers
    • Mid-Infrared Technology

    Background:

    • Mid-infrared lasers face challenges in heat dissipation and achieving in-phase operation.
    • Interband cascade lasers (ICLs) offer potential for mid-infrared applications but require improved beam control.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and fabricate a phase-locked interband cascade laser (ICL) array.
    • To utilize multimode interference (MMI) couplers for coherent operation of multiple emitters.
    • To address heat dissipation and in-phase operation challenges in mid-infrared lasers.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a 7.5-µm-wide ridge ICL array.
    • Incorporation of multimode interference (MMI) couplers for phase-locking.
    • Characterization of far-field patterns and beam quality (M²).

    Main Results:

    • Achieved coherent operation with periodic and symmetrical interference fringes.
    • Demonstrated effective phase-locking using MMI couplers.
    • Obtained a nearly diffraction-limited beam quality (M² ≈ 1.31) with suppressed higher-order modes.
    • Delivered high output power (390 mW from a 1×4 array).

    Conclusions:

    • The MMI-coupled ICL array effectively achieves phase-locking and in-phase operation.
    • The design shows robust performance and scalability for high-power mid-infrared applications.
    • The ICL array shows potential as an optical phased array for advanced photonic systems.