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Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
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Multifaceted role of thrombin in subarachnoid hemorrhage: Focusing on cerebrospinal fluid circulation disorder

Yajun Qian1, Junjie Wang2, Jiarui Chen2

  • 1Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Experimental Neurology
|November 1, 2024
PubMed

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe neurological condition characterized by high morbidity and mortality. The unfavorable prognosis of SAH is closely associated with early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), wherein thrombin plays a role as part of the secondary injury components following hemorrhage in these two pathological processes. Additionally, thrombin contributes to disruptions in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), thereby giving rise to a spectrum of sequelae following SAH, including cerebral edema, hydrocephalus, cognitive impairments, and depressive symptoms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pathological role of thrombin in EBI, DCI, and CSF circulation following SAH, with a specific focus on its impact on the glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic system-a crucial mechanism for waste clearance and neurohomeostatic regulation. Additionally, this review offers an overview of current pharmacological interventions and treatment modalities targeting pathogenic mechanisms, aiming to mitigate brain injury and promote neurological recovery post-SAH.

Keywords:
Cerebrospinal fluidDelayed cerebral ischemiaEarly brain injuryGlymphatic systemMeningeal lymphaticsSubarachnoid hemorrhageThrombin

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