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Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Research Toward a Cure for Perinatal HIV.

Kristen Kelly1, Soumia Bekka1, Deborah Persaud2

  • 1Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Ross 1133, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Clinics in Perinatology
|November 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Scientists are exploring ways to eliminate the latent HIV-1 reservoir in CD4+ T cells, which causes lifelong infection. This research aims to find cures for children and adolescents living with HIV-1, potentially ending the need for daily medication.

Keywords:
ART-Free HIV-1 remissionHIV-1 curePerinatal HIV-1

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) establishes a latent reservoir in CD4+ T cells in nearly all infected individuals, including children.
  • This latent reservoir is undetectable by current antiretroviral therapies and immune responses, making HIV-1 infection a lifelong condition.
  • The persistence of the latent reservoir necessitates continuous antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV-1 (PLWH).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review global research efforts focused on therapeutic strategies targeting the latent HIV-1 reservoir.
  • To discuss advancements in controlling and reducing the latent reservoir in children and adolescents living with HIV-1.
  • To explore potential curative strategies that could eliminate the need for lifelong antiretroviral therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on HIV-1 latency and reservoir research.
  • Analysis of global initiatives and therapeutic approaches for pediatric and adolescent HIV-1 infection.
  • Synthesis of findings related to novel strategies for HIV-1 reservoir reduction and control.

Main Results:

  • The latent HIV-1 reservoir in CD4+ T cells remains a significant barrier to curing HIV-1 infection.
  • Current treatments cannot eliminate this reservoir, leading to lifelong infection.
  • Intensive global research is underway to develop strategies for reservoir eradication.

Conclusions:

  • Effective strategies to target and eliminate the latent HIV-1 reservoir are crucial for achieving a functional cure.
  • Continued research and global collaboration are essential to develop curative therapies for children and adolescents living with HIV-1.
  • A potential cure could free PLWH from the burden of lifelong antiretroviral therapy.