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Dysphonia Screening in Firefighters and Associated Factors.

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Firefighters, especially Black, multiracial, and those with common mental disorders (CMD), have a higher likelihood of dysphonia. These individuals require clinical voice assessment for potential diagnosis and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Voice Disorders
  • Mental Health

Background:

  • Dysphonia, or voice disorders, can impact individuals in demanding professions.
  • Firefighting is an occupation that may present unique risk factors for voice strain.
  • Understanding the prevalence and risk factors for dysphonia in firefighters is crucial for occupational health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of dysphonia among firefighters.
  • To investigate the relationship between dysphonia and individual factors (e.g., race) and occupational characteristics.
  • To explore the association between dysphonia and common mental disorders (CMD) in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional observational study involving 442 firefighters.
  • Data collected included sociodemographic, occupational, lifestyle factors, and screening for CMD using the SRQ-20.
  • Dysphonia likelihood assessed using the Brazilian Dysphonia Screening Tool; a hoarse voice indicated potential dysphonia.

Main Results:

  • A moderate/high likelihood of dysphonia was found in 6.12% of firefighters.
  • Black and multiracial firefighters were approximately 2.5 times more likely to screen positive for dysphonia compared to White individuals.
  • Firefighters reporting symptoms of CMD were 2.7 times more likely to have dysphonia.

Conclusions:

  • Black, multiracial firefighters, and those with symptoms of common mental disorders exhibit a higher likelihood of dysphonia.
  • These findings highlight specific subgroups within the firefighting profession at increased risk for voice disorders.
  • Firefighters with a high likelihood of dysphonia warrant further clinical voice assessment for diagnosis.