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Author Spotlight: A Pharmacodissection Approach to Uncover Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Populations
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Impact of genetic risk information for cardiovascular disease on behavioural changes, psychological responses and

Ruofei Trophy Chen1, Vincent Pearson2, Orathai Suebkinorn3

  • 1Monash Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Level 2, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
|November 3, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Providing genetic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk information shows limited impact on health behaviors and clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to understand its long-term effectiveness in CVD prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Public Health
  • Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major public health issue influenced by genetics and lifestyle.
  • Integrating genetic risk information into clinical practice for CVD prevention has shown mixed results.
  • Understanding the impact of genetic risk disclosure on patient outcomes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the impact of providing genetic CVD risk information on health behaviors, psychological outcomes, and clinical risk factors.
  • To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of genetic risk information in CVD management.
  • To assess the influence of genetic risk disclosure on dietary habits, physical activity, and medication adherence.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review adhering to JBI methodology and PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
  • Searched four electronic databases and two trial registries for relevant randomized controlled trials.
  • Employed a narrative synthesis approach for data analysis.

Main Results:

  • Eleven studies were included, analyzing 3,596 retrieved articles.
  • Genetic risk information led to modest improvements in dietary behavior but had inconclusive effects on physical activity and medication adherence.
  • Minimal changes were observed in psychological outcomes (e.g., slight decrease in depression) and traditional CVD risk factors (e.g., blood pressure, cholesterol).
  • Bias was noted across the included studies.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic CVD risk information has a limited effect on clinical outcomes and psychological factors.
  • While it may encourage some health behavior changes, genetic risk information alone is likely insufficient for significant CVD risk reduction.
  • Further research is necessary to elucidate the long-term effects and optimal integration of genetic risk information in clinical practice.
Abstract

Keywords:
Behavioural changesPolygenic riskRisk communicationRisk factor modification

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