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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

414
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
414
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

367
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
367
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

585
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
585
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

431
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
431
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

102
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
102
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

329
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
329

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome
05:18

Author Spotlight: Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome

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Epidural steroid injection technique.

Ben McCafferty1, Roger Williams2

  • 1University of Alabama, Department of Radiology, Birmingham, AL.

Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology
|November 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epidural steroid injections (ESI) offer temporary relief for back pain when conservative treatments fail. This minimally invasive procedure can reduce inflammation and improve physical therapy effectiveness.

Keywords:
CorticosteroidsEpiduralInterlaminarTransforaminal

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Area of Science:

  • Pain Management
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Epidural steroid injections (ESI) are image-guided procedures for treating back pain.
  • Lumbar spine pain is a common indication, but the entire spine can be targeted.
  • ESI offers relief for patients unresponsive to conservative care like medication and physical therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the techniques for performing epidural steroid injections.
  • To cover ESI procedures in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral spine.

Main Methods:

  • Minimally invasive, image-guided injection technique.
  • Targeting cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral epidural spaces.
  • Review of procedural techniques for spinal pain management.

Main Results:

  • ESI provides temporary but meaningful pain relief.
  • Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects enhance conservative treatments.
  • ESI serves as a bridge between conservative and surgical options.

Conclusions:

  • Epidural steroid injections are a valuable tool in managing spinal pain.
  • The procedure can improve outcomes for patients undergoing physical therapy.
  • ESI offers an alternative for patients unsuitable for surgery.