Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT01:28

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT

3
Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
3
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

299
Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion,...
299
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

3
Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
3

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Focal, Not Diffuse, Disease Benefits From PCI: ORBITA-2 Insights.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2026
Same author

Who Benefits From PCI?: Insights From ORBITA Into the Role of the Coronary Microcirculation.

JACC. Cardiovascular interventions·2026
Same author

Early detection of gastric cancer with the assistance of cell-free DNA fragmentomics.

Clinical epigenetics·2026
Same author

Coronary Function Testing: When Access Does Not Matter, But Pharmacology Might.

Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions·2026
Same author

Regenerating myofiber with activating of TGF-β signaling contributes to macrophage efferocytosis through enhancing Tregs response in inflamed muscle.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Circulating Progenitor Cells, Regenerative Capacity and Cognition: Evidence From 2 Community-Based Cohorts.

Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function
10:28

Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function

Published on: March 15, 2022

4.8K

Invasive Evaluation for Coronary Vasospasm.

Jingwen Huang1, Rebecca Steinberg1, Matthew J Brown2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA.

US Cardiology
|November 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Vasospastic angina (VSA) is diagnosed using acetylcholine (Ach) testing to identify coronary artery spasm (CAS). This evaluation guides risk stratification and targeted therapies, primarily calcium channel blockers, for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Coronary vasospasmMI with non-obstructive coronary arteriesacetylcholinecoronary reactivity testingischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries

More Related Videos

Testing Acetylcholine Followed by Adenosine for Invasive Diagnosis of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders
05:58

Testing Acetylcholine Followed by Adenosine for Invasive Diagnosis of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders

Published on: February 3, 2021

3.4K
Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing for Assessment of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders
06:39

Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing for Assessment of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders

Published on: August 18, 2016

15.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function
10:28

Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function

Published on: March 15, 2022

4.8K
Testing Acetylcholine Followed by Adenosine for Invasive Diagnosis of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders
05:58

Testing Acetylcholine Followed by Adenosine for Invasive Diagnosis of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders

Published on: February 3, 2021

3.4K
Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing for Assessment of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders
06:39

Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing for Assessment of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders

Published on: August 18, 2016

15.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Vasospastic angina (VSA) is characterized by transient ischemic changes at rest or during exertion.
  • Coronary artery spasm (CAS) underlies VSA and is linked to various acute coronary syndromes and sudden cardiac death.
  • CAS can occur in normal arteries, non-obstructive atherosclerosis, or established coronary artery disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an update on the invasive evaluation of vasospastic angina (VSA).
  • To discuss unified acetylcholine (Ach) protocols for diagnosing coronary artery spasm (CAS).

Main Methods:

  • Invasive coronary reactivity testing with acetylcholine (Ach) provocation.
  • Coronary angiography to visualize epicardial spasms (reversible narrowing).
  • Diagnosis of microvascular spasm based on symptoms and ECG changes post-intracoronary Ach without epicardial spasm.

Main Results:

  • Identification of CAS is crucial for risk stratification.
  • Therapies target endothelial dysfunction and smooth muscle cell constriction.
  • Calcium channel blockers are key treatments, often in combination therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Invasive acetylcholine testing is essential for diagnosing VSA and CAS.
  • Understanding CAS mechanisms informs targeted therapeutic strategies.
  • Standardized Ach protocols improve diagnostic accuracy and patient management.