Research progress on V delta 1⁺ T cells and their effect on pathogen infection

The ongoing high occurrence of harmful infectious diseases significantly threatens human health. Existing methods used to control such diseases primarily involve targeting the pathogens, usually neglecting the vital role of host factors in disease advancement. Gamma delta (γδ) T cells act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, playing a crucial role in combating pathogen invasion. Among these γδT cell subsets, which are categorized based on T cell receptor delta variable expression patterns, V delta (δ) 1⁺ T cells possess unique recognition abilities and regulatory characteristics and actively engage in various immune responses. The differentiation, development, and immune reactivity of Vδ1⁺ T cells are closely associated with the initial and progressive stages of infectious diseases. This article provides an overview of the classification, distribution, differentiation, and development of Vδ1⁺ T cells and their mechanisms in combating pathogenic infections, offering new insights for disease diagnosis and treatment.