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International Cooperation & Assistance in the Biological & Toxin Weapons Convention: Strengthening BWC Assurance through Article X.

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BWC confidence-building measures: Increasing BWC assurance through transparency and information sharing.

Matthew P Shearer1, Christina M Potter1, Rachel A Vahey1

  • 1Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Politics and the Life Sciences : the Journal of the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences
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Summary

The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention

Keywords:
BTWCBWCBiological and Toxin Weapons ConventionCBMsbiological weaponsconfidence-building measures

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Area of Science:

  • International Security
  • Arms Control
  • Biosecurity

Background:

  • The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC) lacks a verification regime.
  • Confidence-Building Measures (CBMs) were established to enhance BWC compliance through transparency.
  • Limitations of CBMs include low participation and data quality concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify actionable strategies for improving the value of BWC Confidence-Building Measures.
  • To address challenges in BWC compliance and verification.
  • To reduce the burden of CBM submissions on states parties.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative study involving interviews with 53 international experts.
  • Expert interviews included 38 participants from BWC delegations and 15 independent experts.
  • Analysis focused on identifying opportunities to enhance CBM effectiveness.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific opportunities to increase the value of CBMs.
  • Proposed methods to mitigate the reporting burden on states parties.
  • Provided insights into improving transparency and compliance with the BWC.

Conclusions:

  • Concrete measures can enhance the effectiveness of BWC Confidence-Building Measures.
  • Improving CBMs is crucial for strengthening compliance and assurance in the BWC.
  • Further research supports efforts to bolster the BWC verification and compliance framework.