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Related Concept Videos

Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

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The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
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Blinding01:11

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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).
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Social Proof00:52

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Social proof is a form of persuasion based on comparison and conformity. People compare their behavior and actions to what others are doing and will change to conform to do what their peers do.
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Blind Procedures02:07

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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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What is an Experiment?01:12

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An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
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Behaviorally Informed Text Message Nudges to Schedule COVID-19 Vaccinations: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Ashok Reddy1,2,3, John Geyer4, Chelle Wheat5

  • 1Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA. Ashok.Reddy@va.gov.

Journal of General Internal Medicine
|November 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Behaviorally informed text messages did not increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Veterans. The study found no significant difference in vaccination rates compared to standard scheduling messages.

Keywords:
COVID-19 vaccinepopulation healthtext messaging

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Vaccine hesitancy can impact COVID-19 vaccination rates among Veterans.
  • Behaviorally informed text messages show potential for increasing vaccine uptake.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of two behaviorally informed text message interventions on COVID-19 vaccine scheduling and completion among Veterans.
  • To compare these interventions against a standard scheduling message.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, three-arm patient-level randomized quality improvement trial.
  • 20,523 Veterans were enrolled across two Veterans Health Administration sites between March and May 2021.
  • Interventions included standard messages, messages emphasizing social good, and messages highlighting scarcity of appointments.

Main Results:

  • The overall vaccine scheduling or completion rate within 7 days was 19%.
  • No statistically significant difference in vaccination rates was observed between the social good or scarcity text message groups and the standard message group.
  • Secondary outcomes measured at 14 and 30 days also showed no significant differences.

Conclusions:

  • During the early stages of vaccine distribution, behaviorally informed text messages did not improve COVID-19 vaccination rates in the Veteran population.
  • Standard scheduling messages were as effective as the tested behavioral nudges in promoting vaccination.