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Understanding Involuntary Hospitalization Applications Submitted to an Urban Police Department.

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  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and Boston Public Health Commission, Boston (Simon); Office of Research and Development, Boston Police Department, Boston (Savage); School of Criminology and Justice Studies, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell (Krebs, Wegiel, Morabito).

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Summary

Involuntary hospitalization applications in Boston show racial disparities, disproportionately affecting Black individuals. Many applications lacked clinical examination, highlighting a need for improved oversight and training.

Keywords:
crisis interventioninvoluntary commitmentmental health lawpolicepublic policy issuesracial disparity

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Law
  • Social Determinants of Health

Background:

  • Temporary involuntary hospitalization in Massachusetts is governed by Section 12 of the General Laws.
  • Understanding the application process is crucial for ensuring equitable patient care and legal compliance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the application process for temporary involuntary hospitalization (Section 12) involving the Boston Police Department (PD).
  • To identify potential disparities and areas for improvement in the process.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 488 Section 12 applications submitted to the Boston PD between July 14, 2021, and June 30, 2022.
  • Examination of demographic data, reasons for requests, petitioner information, and application outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Significant racial disparities were found: 41% of applications were for Black or African American individuals, who comprise 23% of Boston's population.
  • Seventy-six percent of applications lacked direct clinical examination by petitioners.
  • Boston PD completed 70% of requested involuntary hospitalization orders.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals substantial racial disparities in Section 12 applications, disproportionately impacting Black individuals.
  • Absence of clinical examination and justification necessitates regulatory oversight and enhanced petitioner training.
  • Improved data collection and reporting are needed to address incomplete demographic data and ensure equitable processes.