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Unravelling ChatGPT's potential in summarising qualitative in-depth interviews
Mei Hui Adeline Kon1,2, Michelle Jessica Pereira2, Joseph Antonio De Castro Molina2
1National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Eye (London, England)
|November 5, 2024
Summary
ChatGPT significantly speeds up qualitative data analysis, showing moderate to good theme concordance with human researchers. This AI tool offers potential for rapid preliminary analysis in research settings.
Area of Science:
- Qualitative research methodology
- Artificial intelligence in healthcare research
- Natural language processing applications
Background:
- Qualitative research is often time-consuming, hindering rapid, actionable insights for practitioners and policymakers.
- Data collection, transcription, and analysis are key contributors to the resource-intensive nature of qualitative studies.
- Large language models like OpenAI's Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) show promise in assisting with data analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare themes generated by ChatGPT (versions 3.5 and 4.0) against traditional human analysis of in-depth interview data.
- To evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of ChatGPT in qualitative data analysis.
- To assess the potential of AI tools in accelerating research.
Main Methods:
- Three transcripts from a patient experience evaluation study at a community eye clinic were analyzed.
- An independent researcher performed traditional thematic analysis.
- De-identified transcripts were processed by ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0 with specific instructions for theme generation.
Main Results:
- ChatGPT analysis time per transcript averaged 11.5 minutes (3.5) and 11.9 minutes (4.0), compared to 240 minutes for human analysis.
- Six key themes were identified by the human researcher: accessibility, patient awareness, trust, expectations, return willingness, and referral source explanations.
- Concordance between ChatGPT-generated themes and human analysis ranged from 66% to 100%.
Conclusions:
- ChatGPT demonstrates significant time reduction in qualitative data analysis.
- AI tools like ChatGPT offer moderate to good theme concordance with human analysis, facilitating rapid preliminary insights.
- Human oversight remains necessary for subtheme regrouping and final interpretation in qualitative research.
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