Bridging organ transcriptomics for advancing multiple organ toxicity assessment with a generative AI approach

Translational research in toxicology has significantly benefited from transcriptomic profiling, particularly in drug safety. However, its application has predominantly focused on limited organs, notably the liver, due to resource constraints. This paper presents TransTox, an innovative AI model using a generative adversarial network (GAN) method to facilitate the bidirectional translation of transcriptomic profiles between the liver and kidney under drug treatment. TransTox demonstrates robust performance, validated across independent datasets and laboratories. First, the concordance between real experimental data and synthetic data generated by TransTox was demonstrated in characterizing toxicity mechanisms compared to real experimental settings. Second, TransTox proved valuable in gene expression predictive models, where synthetic data could be used to develop gene expression predictive models or serve as "digital twins" for diagnostic applications. The TransTox approach holds the potential for multi-organ toxicity assessment with AI and advancing the field of precision toxicology.