Investigation of a Theoretical Model for the Rotational Shot Put Technique

Area of Science:

• Sports Biomechanics
• Athletic Performance Analysis

Background:

• The biomechanics of the rotational shot put technique are established, but causal links between kinematics and kinetics for optimal release velocity are unclear.
• Understanding these relationships is crucial for enhancing shot put performance through targeted training.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the causal relationships among biomechanical variables influencing release velocity in the rotational shot put.
• To develop a hierarchical model explaining how kinematic and kinetic factors contribute to higher shot put performance.

Main Methods:

• Three-dimensional motion capture of 22 male shot putters during official competitions.
• Calculation of key kinematic and kinetic variables throughout the shot put motion.
• Path analysis to model direct and indirect effects among variables.

Main Results:

• Impulse of the shot, system angular momentum, and system linear momentum were identified as critical kinetic variables directly impacting release velocity.
• Eight kinematic variables, including shoulder rotation, shot path length, and trunk tilt, significantly influenced the impulse of the shot.
• Lower extremity movements (swings, extensions) were found to be related to system momentum.

Conclusions:

• The study provides a detailed biomechanical model of the rotational shot put technique.
• Findings offer insights into optimizing coaching strategies by highlighting key kinematic and kinetic contributors to release velocity.