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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

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Lateral hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A case report.

Emanuela Belmonte1, Luca Arcari1,2, Giovanni Camastra1

  • 1Cardiology Unit, Madre Giuseppina Vannini Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Heliyon
|November 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a genetic heart condition, can present atypically. This case highlights a rare lateral wall HCM phenotype diagnosed using cardiac MRI, emphasizing hypertension

Keywords:
Cardiac magnetic resonance imagingCase reportEchocardiographyLateral hypertrophic cardiomyopathyT1 mapping

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease, typically characterized by asymmetrical septal hypertrophy.
  • Arterial hypertension is a prevalent comorbidity, but its interaction with HCM phenotypes requires further elucidation.

Observation:

  • A patient with arterial hypertension presented with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome, including chest pain, ECG changes, and elevated troponin.
  • Diagnostic work-up excluded ischemic heart disease, revealing a rare hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) phenotype involving the left ventricle's lateral wall.

Findings:

  • Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) demonstrated significant diagnostic value through advanced tissue characterization techniques.
  • Native T1 mapping identified diffuse myocardial fibrosis, T2 mapping revealed edema, and late gadolinium enhancement indicated replacement fibrosis, providing prognostic insights.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the utility of CMR in diagnosing rare HCM phenotypes and assessing myocardial tissue characteristics.
  • The findings suggest a potential association between arterial hypertension and atypical HCM presentations, warranting further investigation into their complex interplay.