Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Stress and Mental Health01:30

Stress and Mental Health

77
Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
77
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

220
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
220
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

160
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
160
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

283
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
283
Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

83
Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
83
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

29
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
29

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Assessment of serum inflammatory cytokines in first-episode psychosis: Cross-sectional study.

The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa·2026
Same author

Unmet needs of young adults following first-episode psychosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Baseline findings from a pilot randomised controlled trial of basic income support.

The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa·2026
Same author

Lithium prescription patterns for bipolar disorder at a psychiatric hospital in KwaZulu-Natal.

The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa·2026
Same author

Experiences of trauma among persons living with psychosis in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.

PLOS mental health·2026
Same author

Triple Burden of Cannabis Use, First Episode Psychosis and HIV in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa.

Early intervention in psychiatry·2025
Same author

Experiences of an unconditional cash transfer intervention among young adults with first-episode psychosis in South Africa: qualitative inquiry of patients and their caregivers.

International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment
08:25

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment

Published on: December 6, 2024

312

Childhood trauma, substance use and depressive symptoms in people with HIV during COVID-19.

Nikita Prosad Singh1, Vuyokazi Ntlantsana1, Andrew Tomita2,3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

The South African Journal of Psychiatry : SAJP : the Journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa
|November 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common among people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and linked to increased substance use and depression. Early identification and support are crucial for this vulnerable population.

Keywords:
COVID-19HIVSouth Africaadverse childhood experiencesalcoholcannabisdepressiontobacco

More Related Videos

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting
11:31

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting

Published on: November 30, 2015

16.0K
Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice
07:06

Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice

Published on: January 24, 2025

373

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2025

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment
08:25

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment

Published on: December 6, 2024

312
Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting
11:31

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting

Published on: November 30, 2015

16.0K
Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice
07:06

Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice

Published on: January 24, 2025

373

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Mental Health

Background:

  • Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), substance use, and depressive symptoms are significant public health concerns.
  • Their combined impact on people living with HIV (PLWHIV) remains under-investigated, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Understanding these co-occurring issues is vital for improving HIV care outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of ACEs, substance use, and depressive symptoms in PLWHIV.
  • To examine the associations between ACEs, substance use, depressive symptoms, and HIV outcomes.
  • To assess these factors in PLWHIV accessing care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted at a district hospital HIV clinic in South Africa.
  • 196 PLWHIV completed questionnaires assessing socio-demographics, clinical data, ACEs, substance use, and depressive symptoms.
  • Validated tools included the WHO ACEs International Questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire.

Main Results:

  • High prevalence of ACEs (40.3% experienced ≥ 3 ACEs), substance use (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis), and depressive symptoms (19.4%) were observed.
  • Greater alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use risk scores were associated with experiencing ≥ 3 ACEs.
  • Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with experiencing ≥ 3 ACEs (aOR = 9.39).

Conclusions:

  • A significant burden of ACEs, substance use, and depressive symptoms exists among PLWHIV.
  • Cumulative ACEs are strongly associated with increased risk of substance use and depressive symptoms in this population.
  • Integrated screening and management strategies are recommended to address these interconnected health challenges in PLWHIV.