1D/2D Heterostructures: Synthesis and Application in Photodetectors and Sensors

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor components have excellent physical attributes, such as excellent mechanical ductility, high mobility, low dielectric constant, and tunable bandgap, which have attracted much attention to the fields of flexible devices, optoelectronic conversion, and microelectronic devices. Additionally, one-dimensional (1D) semiconductor materials with unique physical attributes, such as high surface area and mechanical potency, show great potential in many applications. However, isolated 1D and 2D materials often do not meet the demand for multifunctionality. Therefore, more functionality is achieved by reconstructing new composite structures from 1D and 2D materials, and according to the current study, it has been demonstrated that hybrid dimensional integration yields a significant enhancement in performance and functionality, which is widely promising in the field of constructing novel electronic and optoelectronic nanodevices. In this review, we first briefly introduce the preparation methods of 1D materials, 2D materials, and 1D/2D heterostructures, as well as their advantages and limitations. The applications of 1D/2D heterostructures in photodetectors, gas sensors, pressure and strain sensors, as well as photoelectrical synapses and biosensors are then discussed, along with the opportunities and challenges of their current applications. Finally, the outlook of the emerging field of 1D/2D heterojunction structures is given.