Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Metabolic Disturbances Induced by Viral Infections
Sandra E Pérez1, Monika Gooz2, Eduardo N Maldonado2,3
1Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil CC7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Cells
|November 8, 2024
Summary
Viruses hijack cellular mitochondria for replication, impacting host metabolism and energy. This review details virus-mitochondria interactions and viral strategies to evade immune responses.
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Virology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites reliant on host cell machinery.
- Mitochondria are crucial for cellular energy, metabolism, and innate immunity.
- Understanding virus-host interactions at the mitochondrial level is key to antiviral strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review the multifaceted interactions between viruses and mitochondria.
- To elucidate the mechanisms by which viruses manipulate mitochondrial functions.
- To discuss viral strategies for evading mitochondrial-mediated antiviral responses.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on virus-mitochondria interactions.
- Analysis of viral effects on host cell metabolism (glucose, glutamine, fatty acids).
- Examination of viral modulation of mitochondrial dynamics and function.
Main Results:
- Viruses exploit mitochondrial bioenergetics and metabolic pathways for replication.
- Viral infections alter glucose metabolism towards the Warburg phenotype.
- Viruses directly regulate mitochondrial electron transport chain, ROS production, fission/fusion, and VDACs.
Conclusions:
- Mitochondria are central hubs for viral replication and host antiviral defense.
- Viruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to control mitochondrial function.
- Targeting virus-mitochondria interactions presents potential antiviral therapeutic avenues.
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