Are S100B and VILIP-1 Involved in a Common Mechanism of Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder?

This study aimed to evaluate the role of neuroinflammation in neuronal and glial cells in the pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) through different biomarkers.S100-B and VILIP-1 levels of patients diagnosed with MDD were evaluated before and after antidepressant treatment. A total of 65 patients diagnosed with MDD and 69 healthy controls were included. Serum levels of S100B and VILIP-1 were measured at the time of diagnosis and after eight weeks antidepressant treatment and compared with healthy controls. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) were applied to assess the severity of depression. In our study, although serum S100B levels were higher in patients before treatment compared to healthy controls, this difference was not statistically significant. Regarding VILIP-1 levels, there was no statistically significant difference between patients and healthy controls. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between S100B and VILIP-1 levels in MDD group before the treatment. At the eighth week of treatment, a statistically significant positive correlation was also found between S100B and VILIP-1 levels. Our research is the first study to evaluate MDD through two separate biomarkers specific to glial and neuronal cells.The fact that S100B and VILIP-1 levels showed significant correlations in patients diagnosed with MDD both before and after treatment suggests that they may play a shared role in the pathophysiology of the disorder. The correlation between S100B and VILIP-1 may serve as a guide in understanding the pathophysiology of the disorder and in identifying new drug development targets.