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The South African guidelines on enuresis: 2024 update
A Adam1, A Badenhorst2, F Claassen3
1Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Urology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Background:
Enuresis, also referred to as nocturnal enuresis, is characterised by discrete episodes of urinary incontinence during sleep in children aged ≥5 years in the absence of congenital or acquired neurological disorders. This guideline is an update of the 2017 version.
Recommendations:
The guideline provides recommendations and suggestions for various therapeutic options for enuresis available in South Africa (SA). These options include behavioural modification, urotherapy, pharmaceutical therapy, alarm therapy, alternative therapies, neuromodulation, psychological support and biofeedback. Additionally, it explores the role of a voiding diary, additional investigations and mobile phone applications (apps) in treating enuresis. The document also outlines standardised definitions for clarity.
Conclusion:
This is an updated guideline endorsed by relevant key opinion leaders in SA, with additional input from international experts in the field.
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