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Related Concept Videos

Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, or CMRI, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that employs a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to create precise images of the heart and arteries. It provides comprehensive information about cardiac anatomy, function, perfusion, and tissue characterization without ionizing radiation.IndicationsCMRI diagnoses various heart conditions, including tissue damage from heart attacks, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, aortic issues (tears, aneurysms,...
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Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Using Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems MEMS to Develop Diagnostic Tools
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MEMS and ECM Sensor Technologies for Cardiorespiratory Sound Monitoring-A Comprehensive Review.

Yasaman Torabi1, Shahram Shirani1,2, James P Reilly1

  • 1Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This review covers cardiorespiratory auscultation devices, detailing acoustic properties and the evolution of stethoscopes. It emphasizes electret condenser microphones (ECMs) and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for wearable sensing technologies.

Keywords:
cardiorespiratory auscultationelectret condenser microphone (ECM)heart soundlung soundmicroelectromechanical systems (MEMSs)phonocardiography (PCG)wearable sensing devices

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Acoustics
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Cardiorespiratory auscultation is a fundamental diagnostic technique.
  • Traditional stethoscopes have limitations in signal quality and data analysis.
  • Advancements in sensor technology offer potential for improved auscultation devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of sensing technologies for cardiorespiratory auscultation.
  • To explore the theoretical aspects and practical design considerations of auscultation devices.
  • To highlight the recent advancements in MEMS-based wearable sensing for heart and lung sound analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of acoustic properties of the heart and lungs.
  • Historical overview of stethoscope development.
  • Discussion of electret condenser microphone (ECM) based stethoscopes.
  • Detailed examination of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, focusing on piezoelectric sensors.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of acoustic principles relevant to cardiorespiratory sounds.
  • Comparison of ECM and MEMS sensing principles for auscultation.
  • Emphasis on the growing trend of MEMS-based wearable devices in the last decade.
  • Identification of this review as the first to consolidate ECM and MEMS applications in this field.

Conclusions:

  • MEMS technology, particularly piezoelectric sensors, shows significant promise for advanced cardiorespiratory auscultation.
  • Wearable MEMS-based devices represent a key area of innovation for future diagnostic tools.
  • This review provides a foundational understanding for researchers and developers in the field of electronic stethoscopes.