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Related Concept Videos

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

141
Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
141
Phase II Reactions: Glutathione Conjugation and Mercapturic Acid Formation01:22

Phase II Reactions: Glutathione Conjugation and Mercapturic Acid Formation

149
Glutathione, a tripeptide made up of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine, is a critical player in the detoxification of drugs and xenobiotics via a process known as glutathione conjugation or mercapturic acid formation. This phase II biotransformation reaction involves the covalent binding of glutathione to a drug or its metabolite, enhancing the compound's water solubility and enabling its excretion.
Several distinctive characteristics distinguish glutathione conjugation from other phase II...
149

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Profiling of Methyltransferases and Other S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine-binding Proteins by Capture Compound Mass Spectrometry CCMS
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S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for Liver Health: A Systematic Review.

Kyrie Eleyson R Baden1, Halley McClain1, Eliya Craig1

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Cedarville University, Cedarville, OH 45314, USA.

Nutrients
|November 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary

S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) effectively improves liver parameters with minimal side effects. Common doses of 1000-1200 mg daily are suggested, but more research is needed for optimal use in liver diseases.

Keywords:
S-adenosylmethionineSAMelivernutraceutical

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Pharmacology
  • Systematic Review

Background:

  • S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is a naturally occurring compound.
  • SAMe has shown potential in treating liver dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the efficacy of SAMe in liver diseases.
  • To assess the safety profile of SAMe for liver conditions.
  • To determine optimal SAMe dosage for liver treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases.
  • Two independent reviewers screened and extracted data, with a third resolving conflicts.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen high-quality studies (rated 4-5/5) were included from 1881 initial records.
  • SAMe demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing liver-related parameters.
  • Adverse events were infrequent and primarily mild gastrointestinal issues.

Conclusions:

  • Commonly used doses were 1000 mg or 1200 mg of SAMe daily.
  • SAMe can be used alone or with other treatments.
  • Further research is required to establish long-term efficacy, safety, and optimal administration routes.