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Rural-urban disparities and trends in cancer screening: an analysis of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Gabriel A Benavidez1, Ami E Sedani2, Tisha M Felder3
1Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States.
JNCI Cancer Spectrum
|November 9, 2024
Summary
Cancer screening rates are declining, particularly for cervical cancer. Rural populations show persistent disparities in breast cancer screening, highlighting a critical public health challenge.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Health Disparities
Background:
- Routine cancer screenings are crucial for early detection and improved outcomes.
- Recent data indicate a significant decline in the uptake of essential cancer screenings across the United States.
- This trend poses a challenge to ongoing cancer prevention and control efforts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze rural-urban differences in recent trends of cancer screening.
- To assess up-to-date screening status for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers.
- To identify disparities in screening uptake between rural and urban populations.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the 2018, 2020, and 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).
- Calculated weighted prevalence estimates for cancer screening status.
- Employed survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression to examine rural-urban disparities over time.
Main Results:
- A general decrease in up-to-date cancer screening was observed from 2018 to 2022.
- Cervical cancer screening experienced the most substantial decline, dropping from 81.89% to 47.71%.
- Rural populations consistently had lower odds of up-to-date breast cancer screening (14%-27% lower).
- While rural disparities existed for colorectal and cervical cancer screenings in 2018 and 2020, they were not statistically significant in 2022.
Conclusions:
- The declining trend in cancer screening uptake is a significant public health concern.
- Addressing these declines is essential for future cancer prevention and control strategies.
- Further research is needed to understand the underlying factors contributing to reduced screening rates.
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