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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty
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Frailty in multiple sclerosis: A scoping review.

Nida' Al Worikat1, Farzan Molaei2, Anna Zanotto3

  • 1Department of Occupational Therapy Education, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
|November 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Frailty is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), affecting 17-66% of patients and appearing earlier than in the general population. This review highlights frailty

Keywords:
AgingFrailtyMultiple sclerosisReview

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Frailty is an age-related condition increasingly recognized in neurological disorders.
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease affecting young and middle-aged adults.
  • The impact of frailty on people with MS (pwMS) is an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review on the prevalence, characteristics, and clinical outcomes of frailty in pwMS.
  • To synthesize current evidence on the association between MS clinical factors and frailty.
  • To identify the relationship between frailty and adverse outcomes in the MS population.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, etc.) and clinical trial registries.
  • Inclusion of studies published between 2000 and 2024, with no language restrictions.
  • Screening and selection of 11 studies (10 original articles, 1 conference paper) meeting predefined criteria.

Main Results:

  • Frailty is highly prevalent in pwMS, with reported rates from 17% to 66% in ambulatory patients.
  • PwMS exhibit an earlier onset of frailty compared to the general population, with mean participant ages between 41.2 and 58.6 years.
  • Higher disability, longer disease duration, progressive MS, reduced walking performance, poor sleep, fatigue, lower quality of life, falls, increased healthcare utilization, and mortality are associated with frailty in MS.

Conclusions:

  • Frailty is a prevalent and significant clinical issue in the multiple sclerosis population.
  • Early identification and management of frailty are crucial for improving outcomes in pwMS.
  • Further research is warranted to fully understand and address frailty in MS.