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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

Published on: March 14, 2011

Antigen-specific immunotherapy for platelet alloimmune disorders.

Debra K Newman¹, Peter J Newman¹

¹Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.

Human Immunology

|November 9, 2024

Summary

Fetal/Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a serious condition caused by maternal antibodies against fetal platelets. New therapies and prophylactic strategies are crucial for preventing severe outcomes like intracranial hemorrhage in newborns.

Keywords:

FNAIT HPA-1a ICH Integrin

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

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Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation

Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation

Published on: September 6, 2017

Area of Science:

Hematology
Immunology
Neonatology

Background:

Fetal/Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a significant hematologic disorder.
It results from maternal immune responses to fetal platelet alloantigens, primarily Human Platelet Antigen (HPA)-1a.
Maternal antibodies cause severe thrombocytopenia and intracranial hemorrhage in neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pathogenesis of FNAIT.
To evaluate current and investigational management strategies.
To discuss promising antigen-specific therapies and prophylactic approaches.

Main Methods:

Literature review of FNAIT pathogenesis, management, and emerging therapies.
Evaluation of existing treatments like intravenous immunoglobulin and investigational drugs such as Nipocalimab.
Exploration of novel approaches including effector-silent monoclonal antibodies, B cell targeting, and Chimeric Autoantibody Receptor (CAAR) T cell therapy.

Main Results:

Current treatments have limitations, necessitating further research.
Antigen-specific therapies and B cell targeting show promise.
Prophylactic strategies are essential for preventing FNAIT.

Conclusions:

Effective prevention and treatment of FNAIT require further development of renewable monoclonal antibodies and animal models.
Identifying at-risk pregnancies is crucial for implementing prophylactic measures.
Targeting pathogenic B cells and developing antigen-specific therapies are key future directions.