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Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

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Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One...
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Nepal Family Cohort study: a study protocol.

Om P Kurmi1,2,3, Nagendra Chaudhary4, Gayathri Delanerolle5,6

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Nepal

Keywords:
Community child healthEpidemiologyFrailtyHealth

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Area of Science:

  • Life course epidemiology
  • Environmental health
  • Pediatric respiratory health

Background:

  • Respiratory diseases are rapidly increasing globally, with Nepal experiencing the highest rate of increase.
  • Childhood exposure to air pollution and lifestyle factors significantly impacts lung development and function.
  • The Nepal Family Cohort study addresses critical environmental and behavioral risk factors affecting child and adult health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the determinants of lung health and other health outcomes from childhood to adulthood in Nepal.
  • To assess the impact of household air pollution (HAP) and lifestyle factors on lung development and function.
  • To provide evidence-based risk factors and policy recommendations for respiratory and overall health in Nepal.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal, life-course epidemiological approach was used for data collection.
  • Baseline data collected from 16,826 participants (9,225 children, 7,601 parents) across diverse geographical areas.
  • Linear regression models will analyze associations between HAP, lifestyle factors, and lung function, adjusting for confounders.

Main Results:

  • Baseline data collection completed in April 2024, with ongoing follow-ups planned every 2-3 years.
  • Analysis will compare demographic characteristics and health outcomes between rural and semi-urban regions.
  • Specific focus on evaluating lung development based on household air pollution exposure using a two-stage linear regression model.

Conclusions:

  • The Nepal Family Cohort study is poised to yield significant insights into environmental and lifestyle impacts on health.
  • Findings will inform targeted public health interventions and policy development to mitigate respiratory disease burden.
  • The study's comprehensive approach will offer a holistic view of health trajectories from childhood to adulthood.