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Developmental changes in the perceived moral standing of robots.

Madeline G Reinecke1, Matti Wilks2, Paul Bloom3

  • 1University of Oxford, United Kingdom.

Cognition
|November 10, 2024
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Children increasingly view robots and artificial intelligence (AI) as having moral standing. However, as children age, they attribute less mental life and moral standing to robots, aligning with adult views.

Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceDevelopmental psychologyHuman-AI interactionMoral cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Human-Robot Interaction
  • Artificial Intelligence Ethics

Background:

  • Children's perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) and robots are evolving.
  • Understanding children's moral reasoning towards non-human entities is crucial.
  • The developmental trajectory of attributing moral standing to robots is under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental changes in children's attribution of moral standing and mental life to robots.
  • To compare children's judgments of robots with those of adult participants.
  • To examine the relationship between age, perceived mental capacities, and moral standing of robots in children.

Main Methods:

  • Three developmental studies (N=415) and one adult study (N=156) were conducted.
  • Participants' judgments and donation choices were compared across a human boy, a humanoid robot, and control targets.
  • Developmental trajectory of belief in robots' moral standing and mental life was traced.

Main Results:

  • Children generally endorsed robots as having moral standing and mental life.
  • With increasing age, children were less likely to attribute experiential mental life to robots.
  • Older children's judgments mirrored adult participants' views, who largely denied these attributes to robots.

Conclusions:

  • Children's moral cognition develops in relation to emerging technologies like robots and AI.
  • Perceptions of robots' mental capacities significantly influence their ascribed moral standing.
  • Findings offer insights into the evolving relationship between children and advanced technological entities.