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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
336
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
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Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
93
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Corrigendum to: "HBsAg protein composition and clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis D and variations across HBeAg-negative chronic HBsAg carriers" [JHEP Reports 5 (2023) 100842].

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Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
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Hepatitis E as a trigger for acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Maria Buti1,2,3, Juan Carlos Ruiz-Cobo1,2, Rafael Esteban1

  • 1Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.

Clinical and Molecular Hepatology
|November 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection can cause severe liver issues in those with cirrhosis. Early diagnosis and HEV vaccination are key to preventing serious outcomes like acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Keywords:
Acute on chronic liver failureHepatitis ELiver cirrhosisRibavirinVaccination

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is usually self-limiting.
  • Patients with chronic liver disease are at risk for severe HEV manifestations, including acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF).
  • Hepatitis A, E, and B are significant causes of ACLF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the risks of HEV in patients with cirrhosis.
  • To emphasize the importance of early HEV diagnosis in ACLF patients.
  • To advocate for preventive measures against HEV.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on HEV infection and ACLF.
  • Analysis of HEV's role in liver disease progression.
  • Discussion of diagnostic and preventive strategies.

Main Results:

  • HEV can lead to severe outcomes in individuals with pre-existing liver disease.
  • Early screening and diagnosis of HEV in cirrhotic patients with ACLF are crucial.
  • Antiviral therapy and vaccination are potential management tools.

Conclusions:

  • Active screening for HEV in high-risk populations improves patient management.
  • Timely diagnosis and treatment can mitigate HEV-related morbidity and mortality.
  • HEV vaccination is recommended for vulnerable groups to reduce disease burden.