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Research progress on melatonin, 5-HT, and orexin in sleep disorders of children with autism spectrum disorder

Wenjun Ding1, Yiran Xu1, Wencong Ding2

  • 1Scientific research center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.

Biomolecules & Biomedicine
|November 11, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Sleep disorders are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This review explores how melatonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and orexin impact sleep in children with ASD, aiding personalized treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Sleep disorders frequently co-occur with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children.
  • These sleep disturbances negatively impact daily functioning, learning, and overall quality of life for children with ASD and their families.
  • Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of these sleep issues is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on the roles of melatonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and orexin in sleep disorders among children with ASD.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which these key neurotransmitters influence the sleep-wake cycle in this population.
  • To provide a theoretical foundation for improving sleep quality in children with ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating neurotransmitter pathways and sleep regulation in ASD.
  • Analysis of the biological functions and regulatory roles of melatonin, 5-HT, and orexin.
  • Synthesis of research findings to identify potential therapeutic targets.

Main Results:

  • Melatonin, 5-HT, and orexin are identified as critical regulators of the sleep-wake cycle.
  • Dysregulation of these neurotransmitters is implicated in the sleep disorders observed in children with ASD.
  • Specific pathways affected by these neurotransmitters offer insights into ASD-related sleep disturbances.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting melatonin, 5-HT, and orexin pathways presents a promising avenue for personalized treatment of sleep disorders in children with ASD.
  • Further research into these neurobiological mechanisms can lead to improved sleep quality and quality of life.
  • This review provides a basis for developing novel therapeutic strategies for ASD-associated sleep problems.

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