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Heat Shock Proteins expression in malaria and dengue vector
Poonam Singh1, Shweta Pasi2, Veena Pande3
1ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, 110077, India.
International Journal of Biometeorology
|November 11, 2024
Summary
Mosquitoes like An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti survive temperature increases by expressing Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs). Ae. aegypti shows greater HSP gene upregulation, suggesting higher heat tolerance and potential challenges in controlling these disease vectors.
Area of Science:
- Entomology
- Molecular Biology
- Climate Change Adaptation
Background:
- Changing climatic conditions, particularly rising temperatures, pose a significant threat to mosquito vector populations.
- Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) are crucial for cellular survival under thermal stress in many organisms, including insects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the differential expression of HSP83, HSP70, and HSP26 genes in Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti.
- To assess the temperature tolerance of these mosquito vectors under various temperature and duration exposure scenarios.
Main Methods:
- Mosquitoes (An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti) were exposed to temperatures ranging from 5°C to 45°C for durations of 15 to 180 minutes.
- Gene expression levels of HSP83, HSP70, and HSP26 were quantified and compared between the two species under different thermal conditions.
Main Results:
- HSP70 and HSP26 showed distinct expression patterns compared to HSP83 in both mosquito species.
- Aedes aegypti exhibited significantly higher upregulation of HSP70 (up to 35-47 folds) than An. stephensi (1 fold) when exposed to 35°C and 40°C for 180 minutes.
- HSP70 demonstrated the highest expression across tested temperatures, followed by HSP26 and HSP83.
Conclusions:
- Aedes aegypti displays greater robustness in temperature tolerance compared to Anopheles stephensi, attributed to higher HSP gene upregulation.
- Both mosquito species can endure significant temperature stress through HSP expression, indicating potential challenges in vector control amidst climate change.
- The enhanced thermotolerance of Ae. aegypti suggests it may thrive under warming climates, potentially increasing the transmission risk of diseases like dengue and Zika virus.
