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Efficient sorghum and maize transformation using a ternary vector system combined with morphogenic regulators.

Juan B Fontanet-Manzaneque1, Jari Haeghebaert2,3, Stijn Aesaert2,3

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, 08193, Spain.

The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology
|November 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an optimized Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and maize (Zea mays), significantly improving plantlet regeneration and efficiency for crop improvement.

Keywords:
BABY BOOMSorghum bicolorWUSCHEL2Zea maysmorphogenic regulatorsternary vectortransformation

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biotechnology
  • Crop Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a crucial C4 crop for global nutrition, but its agricultural advancement is limited by inefficient transformation techniques.
  • Developing efficient genetic modification methods is essential for enhancing crop resilience and yield.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols for Sorghum bicolor.
  • To enhance transformation efficiency in maize (Zea mays) using a similar approach.
  • To develop a robust system for generating genetically edited sorghum and maize varieties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the pVS1-VIR2 ternary vector system with Agrobacterium, incorporating morphogenic genes BABY BOOM and WUSCHEL2.
  • Optimized key parameters of Agrobacterium-mediated infection, including bacterial optical density, co-cultivation duration, and temperature.
  • Employed an excision-based system for generating transgenic plants free of morphogenic regulators and G418 selection.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high transformation frequencies in sorghum, reaching up to 164.8% based on total isolated plantlets.
  • Demonstrated a significant increase in transformation efficiency for the maize inbred line B104 using the same method.
  • Successfully generated transgenic plants free from exogenous morphogenic regulators.

Conclusions:

  • The optimized transformation protocol offers a substantial advancement in sorghum and maize biotechnology.
  • This method provides a valuable tool for developing improved crop varieties, particularly for genomic editing applications.
  • The findings contribute to addressing food security challenges and adapting crops to changing climatic conditions.