Are HPV oncogenic viruses involved in salivary glands tumorigenesis?

The association between different viruses and cancer is well acknowledged in human pathology. However, the precise understanding of how oncogenic viruses intervene in the development of cancer of salivary glands (SGs) remains incomplete. Our review aimed to explore the current literature regarding SGs cancer to evaluate the potential involvement of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in their development. Our work hypothesis suggests that viruses may be involved in these tumors' immunogenicity. The literature analysis showed HPV-positive detection in different head and neck malignancies, added to variable risk factors and a constant increasing incidence rate. HPV tumorigenesis mechanism is complex, involving E6 and E7 HPV oncoproteins. Additionally, the reported findings generally support the relationship between SGs cancer and high oncogenic subtypes 16 and 18. However, the pathogenic contribution of HPV subtypes 11, 33, 45, 52, 56, and 59 is controversial and further research may clarify their potential involvement in the SG tumor's development. This literature review may enhance the understanding of the role of viral contribution as an etiopathogenic co-factor in SG carcinogenesis. Thus, these data may add value to innovative concepts and treatment strategies development, given that virus-induced tumors can be prevented by targeted immunization, added to oncolytic or viral therapy.