Ultraviolet laser induced periodic surface structures positively influence osteogenic activity on titanium alloys

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Orthopedic Engineering
• Surface Engineering

Background:

• Orthopedic implant failure can result from loosening or infection.
• Surface topography influences osseointegration and bacterial adhesion.
• Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) offer a method to modify implant surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effect of UV-LIPSS on human osteoblasts (hOBs) and Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation.
• To assess the influence of LIPSS on extracellular matrix formation and microbial attachment.
• To evaluate UV-LIPSS as a surface modification for orthopedic implant materials.

Main Methods:

• UV-LIPSS were generated on Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb alloy disks.
• Surface topography was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.
• Cell viability, proliferation, osteogenic function, and cytokine release of hOBs were assessed.
• Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation was quantified.

Main Results:

• UV-LIPSS created periodic structures (223 nm ≤ λ ≤ 278 nm).
• Alkaline phosphatase activity was upregulated in hOBs on LIPSS-treated surfaces.
• Reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine release and diminished Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation were observed on UV-LIPSS Ti6Al7Nb.
• Metal ion release varied between alloys, but cellular metal levels remained unaffected.

Conclusions:

• UV-LIPSS texturing of Ti6Al7Nb positively influences hOB osteogenic function and cytokine secretion.
• Diminished biofilm formation on UV-LIPSS Ti6Al7Nb surfaces was observed.
• These findings suggest potential benefits for long-term arthroplasty outcomes.