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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Two-Dimensional X-Ray Angiography to Examine Fine Vascular Structure Using a Silicone Rubber Injection Compound

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Internal mammary artery perforator-based plug flap.

Nello Pirozzi¹, Nicola Rocco², Maurizio Bruno Nava³

¹Breast Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

|November 12, 2024

Summary

This study highlights the internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP) flap for breast reconstruction. This technique effectively addresses defects from tumor excision, ensuring excellent cosmetic outcomes.

Keywords:

Breast surgery Case report Oncoplastic surgery Perforator flap Plastic surgery

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Area of Science:

Oncoplastic surgery
Breast reconstruction techniques

Background:

Oncoplastic surgery aims to preserve breast appearance and symmetry post-tumor removal.
Fascio-cutaneous pedicled chest wall perforator flaps (CWPF) are emerging techniques for breast volume replacement.

Observation:

A 52-year-old woman presented with a 3 cm tumor in the infero-medial quadrant of her right breast, close to the skin with retraction.
The patient had small, round breasts without ptosis.

Findings:

Reconstruction was performed using an internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP)-based plug flap to address the infero-medial defect.
The IMAP flap served as an ideal donor site for reconstruction when skin removal was necessary.

Implications:

The IMAP flap offers a safe and well-vascularized option for breast reconstruction.
This technique provides a favorable cosmetic result in oncoplastic breast surgery, particularly for infero-medial defects requiring skin excision.