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Syncing the brain's networks: dynamic functional connectivity shifts from temporal interference.

Zhiqiang Zhu¹, Dongsheng Tang¹, Lang Qin¹

¹School of Kinesiology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

|November 13, 2024

Summary

Temporal interference (TI) stimulation at 20 Hz alters motor cortex dynamic functional connectivity (dFC), reducing variability and increasing connectivity strength. This suggests TI interacts with neural resonance for neuromodulation.

Keywords:

dynamic functional connectivity non-invasive brain stimulation primary motor cortex resting-state fMRI temporal interference

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neuroimaging
Brain Stimulation

Background:

Temporal interference (TI) stimulation is a novel non-invasive brain stimulation technique.
The precise neuromodulatory mechanisms of TI, particularly on dynamic functional connectivity (dFC), remain unclear.
Understanding TI's effects on motor cortex dFC is crucial for its therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of 20 Hz TI stimulation on dFC within the human motor cortex.
To compare the effects of TI stimulation with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on dFC.
To elucidate the dynamic changes in functional connectivity induced by TI.

Main Methods:

40 healthy adults participated in a double-blind, randomized crossover study comparing TI and tDCS.
Resting-state fMRI data were acquired before, during, and after stimulation sessions.
Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) was analyzed using a sliding time-window approach focusing on the motor cortex.

Main Results:

TI stimulation significantly altered dFC, showing decreased variability (CV) compared to tDCS.
TI stimulation led to increased mean dFC in the left postcentral gyrus compared to tDCS.
Both TI and tDCS induced significant time-dependent changes in dFC within the motor cortex.

Conclusions:

20 Hz TI stimulation effectively modulates dFC in the primary motor cortex.
The observed changes in dFC suggest that TI interacts with the motor cortex's intrinsic neural resonance.
TI stimulation offers a promising approach for targeted neuromodulation of brain activity.