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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

41.2K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
41.2K
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

1.4K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
1.4K
Ionic Strength: Overview01:12

Ionic Strength: Overview

1.3K
The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution...
1.3K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

14.1K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
14.1K
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

23.7K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Salt-Concentrated Electrolyte Constructing High Elasticity Modulus Interphase for Li-Rich Layered Oxide Cathode.

Zhijie Han1,2, Yuan Liang1,2, Shu Zhao1,2

  • 1Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P.R. China.

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|November 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new concentrated electrolyte using lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in ester solvents stabilizes high-voltage lithium-rich layered oxide (LLO) batteries. This approach improves performance and reduces capacity fade for advanced energy storage.

Keywords:
Cathode-electrolyte interphaseHigh elastic modulusLi-rich layered oxidesLithium-ion batterySalt-concentration electrolyte

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) utilizing lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) offer high energy density but face challenges.
  • LLOs exhibit rapid capacity and voltage decay at high operating voltages (up to 4.8 V) due to electrolyte instability.
  • Development of stable electrolytes is critical for unlocking the full potential of LLOs in next-generation batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a stable electrolyte for high-voltage LLO-based LIBs.
  • To investigate the effect of a concentrated electrolyte on electrochemical performance and stability.
  • To mitigate capacity and voltage decay in LLO cathodes.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of a 4 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) salt-concentrated electrolyte in fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) solvents.
  • Analysis of solvent structure and Li+ solvation in concentrated versus dilute electrolytes.
  • Electrochemical testing of LLO cathodes using the developed electrolyte, including cycling performance and voltage stability measurements.

Main Results:

  • The 4 M LiPF6 electrolyte exhibits a modified solvent structure with increased DMC solvation and free FEC, broadening the operating voltage window.
  • A thin, elastic, LiF-rich interphase forms on the LLO surface, suppressing side reactions and transition metal dissolution.
  • Electrochemical performance is significantly improved, showing only 0.46 mV/cycle voltage decay and 80.3% capacity retention after 500 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • Salt-concentrated electrolytes offer a simple yet effective strategy to enhance the stability of LLO cathodes.
  • The formed LiF-rich interphase plays a crucial role in preventing degradation pathways.
  • This approach paves the way for developing high-energy-density LIBs based on LLO materials.