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Intravenous Dextrose for the Treatment of Neonatal Hypoglycaemia: A Systematic Review

Lily F Roberts1, Libby G Lord2, Caroline A Crowther2

  • 1Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, lily.roberts@auckland.ac.nz.

Neonatology
|November 13, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Intravenous (IV) dextrose infusion for neonatal hypoglycemia shows uncertain benefits and risks. While it may reduce repeated hypoglycemia, it might increase hyperglycemia risk. More research is crucial for clarity.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Effectiveness Research

Background:

  • Neonatal hypoglycemia often requires intravenous (IV) dextrose if other methods fail, but its efficacy is uncertain.
  • This review assesses the risks and benefits of IV dextrose for treating hypoglycemia in newborns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the evidence regarding the safety and effectiveness of intravenous dextrose for neonatal hypoglycemia.

Main Methods:

  • Searched four databases and three registries up to October 5, 2023, including RCTs and observational studies.
  • Assessed risk of bias using established tools and certainty of evidence with GRADE.
  • Meta-analysis was not performed due to insufficient data.

Main Results:

  • Six studies (2 RCTs, 4 cohort) involving 711 infants were analyzed.
  • IV dextrose showed no association with neurodevelopmental impairment (very low certainty evidence).
  • It may reduce recurrent hypoglycemia (low certainty evidence) but could increase hyperglycemia risk.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence on the benefits and risks of IV dextrose for neonatal hypoglycemia is limited.
  • Further research is necessary to establish clear guidelines for its use.
Abstract

Keywords:
Blood glucoseInfantIntravenous infusionNewborn

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