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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
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Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
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Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

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Association between thyroid function and osteoarthritis: A population-based cohort study.

Yanning Xu1, Ingrid A Szilagyi2, Cindy G Boer2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
|November 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Higher free thyroxine (FT4) levels are linked to an increased risk and severity of knee osteoarthritis (OA). This association is more pronounced in individuals with obesity or those engaging in high levels of weight-bearing physical activity.

Keywords:
HyperthyroidismOsteoarthritisThyroid hormone

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Rheumatology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones play a role in osteoarthritis (OA), but this has not been extensively studied in the general population.
  • Previous genetic and animal studies suggest a link between thyroid hormones and OA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) with hand, hip, and knee OA.
  • To explore the relationship between thyroid function and OA prevalence, severity, incidence, and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Rotterdam Study, including baseline TSH, FT4, and joint radiographs.
  • Employed multivariable regression models to analyze associations.
  • Conducted stratified analyses based on sex, age, BMI, and physical activity levels.

Main Results:

  • Higher FT4 concentrations were associated with an increased risk and severity of knee OA.
  • A positive association was observed between FT4 and knee OA progression.
  • No significant association was found between TSH and OA in any joint.
  • The association between FT4 and knee OA was stronger in individuals with a BMI ≥30 kg/m² and those with high weight-bearing physical activity.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated FT4 levels may contribute to an increased risk of knee OA.
  • Individuals with higher joint loading, such as those with obesity, may be more susceptible to FT4-associated knee OA.