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Imaging in Urolithiasis.

Federica Dell'Aversana1, Martina Pezzullo2, Mariano Scaglione3

  • 1Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia 2, Napoli 80134, Italy.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Urolithiasis, a common condition causing severe pain, requires accurate diagnosis and monitoring. Non-contrast computed tomography is the primary imaging tool for kidney stones, with ultrasound and radiography useful for follow-up.

Keywords:
Computed tomographyDual-energy computed tomographyKidney-ureter-bladder radiographyMagnetic resonanceStone composition analysisUrolithiasis

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Urolithiasis affects 0.5% of the population in industrialized nations.
  • Nephrolithiasis presents with severe symptoms, often complicating acute abdominal pain cases.
  • High recurrence rates necessitate diligent follow-up strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic and follow-up roles of various imaging modalities in urolithiasis.
  • To establish non-contrast computed tomography as the gold standard for kidney stone management.
  • To outline alternative imaging techniques for specific patient groups.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current diagnostic and follow-up imaging practices for urolithiasis.
  • Emphasis on non-contrast computed tomography (CT) for diagnosis and monitoring.
  • Discussion of ultrasound and kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) radiography for recurrence surveillance.
  • Consideration of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for specific populations.

Main Results:

  • Non-contrast CT is the gold standard for diagnosing and following urolithiasis.
  • Ultrasound and KUB radiography are crucial for monitoring high recurrence rates.
  • MRI offers an alternative for imaging in pregnant women with urolithiasis.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate imaging is critical for managing urolithiasis due to its high incidence and severity.
  • A multi-modal imaging approach, led by non-contrast CT, ensures effective patient care.
  • Tailored imaging strategies, including MRI for pregnant patients, are essential for comprehensive urolithiasis management.