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Host-pathogen interactions of emerging zoonotic viruses: bats, humans and filoviruses

Grace Hood1, Miles Carroll1

  • 1Pandemic Sciences Institute & Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.

Current Opinion in Virology
|November 13, 2024
PubMed

Insights

This study examines virus spillover from bats, focusing on filoviruses. It explores host-pathogen dynamics and persistent infection theories to understand zoonotic disease emergence.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Zoonotic Diseases
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Cross-species virus transmission (spillover) is a significant public health concern.
  • Bats are natural reservoirs for many viruses, including highly pathogenic filoviruses.
  • Understanding host-pathogen interactions is crucial for preventing zoonotic disease outbreaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of virus spillover phenomena.
  • To focus on the filovirus family and their bat reservoirs.
  • To discuss host-pathogen relationships and theories of persistent infection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of virology and zoonotic disease research.
  • Analysis of host-pathogen dynamics in viral reservoir species.
  • Examination of current theories on persistent viral infections.

Main Results:

  • Bats host diverse viruses with pandemic potential.
  • Filoviruses exemplify high-risk zoonotic pathogens originating from bats.
  • Complex host-pathogen interactions influence spillover events and persistence.

Conclusions:

  • Virus spillover from bats, particularly filoviruses, poses a substantial threat.
  • Further research into host-pathogen relationships and persistent infections is warranted.
  • Ecological and virological studies are essential for mitigating zoonotic disease risks.

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