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Related Concept Videos

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Nightmares and night terrors represent two distinct types of sleep disturbances that differ in timing, characteristics, and the sleeper's recall of the event. Nightmares are vivid, disturbing dreams that usually awaken the sleeper from REM sleep, a stage of sleep where brain activity is high, and dreams are most frequent. Upon awakening, individuals often have detailed recollections of their nightmares, which can include themes of threats to survival, security, or self-esteem.
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Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations typically occur during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly when lying down or sitting, and can severely disrupt sleep.
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Related Experiment Video

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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Neonatal delirium.

Olivia Ruth1, Nasuh Malas2

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Summary

Neonatal delirium, a critical illness complication, is under-researched but appears common in newborns. Current management strategies are adapted from older children, highlighting a need for specific neonatal guidelines.

Keywords:
AnticholinergicsBenzodiazepinesDeliriumInfantNeonatal intensive careNewborn

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Neonatal neurology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Delirium is a frequent and severe complication in critically ill pediatric patients.
  • While recognized in older children, research on delirium in newborns and infants is significantly limited.
  • The prevalence and consequences of neonatal delirium are largely unknown, but risk appears elevated compared to older youth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of delirium in neonates.
  • To outline the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of neonatal delirium.
  • To explore evidence-based strategies for prevention, evaluation, and management tailored to neonates.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing literature on neonatal delirium.
  • It examines case reports and limited studies on delirium in newborns and infants.
  • The review discusses extrapolated management approaches from older pediatric populations.

Main Results:

  • Delirium is an emerging concern in neonatal critical care, with increasing case reports.
  • There is a significant lack of research specifically addressing neonatal delirium.
  • Current management protocols are primarily based on data from older children.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal delirium requires further dedicated research to establish prevalence and outcomes.
  • Existing management strategies for neonatal delirium need validation and potential adaptation.
  • Developing specific guidelines for the prevention, evaluation, and treatment of delirium in neonates is crucial.