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Mental Health Risk and Protection Among First-Generation Latinx Immigrant Youth: A Latent Profile Analysis
John P Salerno1, Christina M Getrich2, Jessica N Fish3
1School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Summary
First-generation Latinx immigrant youth from the Northern Triangle (NT) show varied mental health outcomes based on their stress and support levels. Youth with strong resources reported better mental health, while those with weak resources experienced worse outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Sociology
- Public Health
Background:
- First-generation Latinx immigrant youth from the Northern Triangle (NT) face unique migration-related stressors.
- These stressors can significantly impact their mental health, increasing risks for depression and anxiety.
- Understanding protective factors is crucial for supporting this vulnerable population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify distinct groups (latent profiles) of NT immigrant youth based on immigrant minority stress and psychosocial protective factors.
- To examine the relationship between these identified latent profiles and symptoms of depression and anxiety.
- To control for the effects of postmigration victimization and forced immigration-related family separation on mental health.
Main Methods:
- Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify distinct groups based on stress and protective factors.
- Multiple linear regression was employed to assess the association between latent profiles and mental health outcomes.
- Surveys assessed immigrant minority stress, ethnic identity, family, peer, and school support in 172 NT immigrant youth (ages 14-21).
Main Results:
- Three latent profiles emerged: "weak resources" (moderate stress, low protection), "average resources" (moderate stress, moderate protection), and "strong resources" (low stress, high protection).
- Latent profile membership significantly predicted mental health outcomes.
- The "strong resources" group showed protective associations with mental health, while the "weak resources" group showed detrimental associations. The "average resources" group had mixed associations.
Conclusions:
- Latent profile membership is a significant factor in the mental health of NT immigrant youth.
- Psychosocial protective factors play a critical role in mitigating the negative mental health impacts of migration-related stress.
- Findings support the need for targeted mental health prevention and intervention strategies for NT immigrant youth, considering their unique resource profiles.
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