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Changes in social environment impact primate gut microbiota composition.

Colleen S Pearce1,2, Danielle Bukovsky2, Katya Douchant1

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Diet significantly impacts gut microbiota (GM) diversity, while social living conditions alter specific bacterial families. This research distinguishes their effects on GM composition.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Primate behavior
  • Gut health

Background:

  • The gut microbiota (GM) is crucial for health, but factors shaping it are unclear.
  • Social environment influences GM, yet causation is hard to establish due to confounding factors like diet.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To disentangle the distinct effects of diet and social living conditions on gut microbiota composition.
  • To reconcile conflicting findings in human and animal studies regarding sociality and GM.

Main Methods:

  • A 15-month longitudinal study of 13 male cynomolgus macaques.
  • Manipulated diet (variable to controlled) and housing (single to paired) in a structured sequence.
  • Analyzed GM composition changes (alpha and beta diversity) in response to these manipulations.

Main Results:

  • Dietary changes significantly altered both alpha and beta diversity of the GM.
  • Social living condition changes primarily affected beta diversity, specifically altering Lactobacillaceae and Clostridiaceae abundance.
  • Bacteria previously linked to sociality were impacted by diet, not social housing changes.

Conclusions:

  • Diet and social living exert distinct influences on gut microbiota composition.
  • Findings reconcile prior research and suggest biological mechanisms linking sociality and wellbeing via gut alterations.