Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors01:17

Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors

60
A survey team is tasked with determining the elevation difference between points Point A and Point B, separated by uneven terrain. They use a leveling instrument and a leveling rod.Common MistakesMisreading the Rod: During a backsight reading at Point A, the instrumentman observes the rod partially obscured by tall grass. Instead of reading 1.135 m, they mistakenly record 1.735 m due to the misalignment of the crosshair with the wrong graduation. This error adds 0.600 m to all subsequent...
60
Errors in Taping01:18

Errors in Taping

22
Errors in taping arise from multiple factors that can significantly impact measurement accuracy in surveying. Misalignment of the tape, often due to human error, is one primary source. A skilled rear tapeman, using a telescope, can help correct alignment by guiding the head tapeman; however, human limitations still lead to small inaccuracies. These errors may include misplacement of pins or inaccurate tape readings due to common visual confusions, such as mistaking a six for a nine. Such...
22
Adjusting a Traverse01:12

Adjusting a Traverse

48
In the site survey of a four-sided traverse, internal angles are essential to ensure geometric accuracy. The survey revealed that the sum of the measured internal angles was 359 degrees and 48 minutes, which is 12 minutes less than the expected 360 degrees. This discrepancy signals an error likely arising from measurement inaccuracies during the fieldwork.To rectify this error, the adjustment process involved distributing the 12-minute shortfall equally across the four internal angles. By...
48
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

673
When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
673
Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

56
During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance.
56
Errors in Global Positioning System01:26

Errors in Global Positioning System

36
Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
36

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Short term exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> and its chemical components associated with violence related injury: Evidence from a large time-stratified case-crossover study in China.

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety·2026
Same author

JrCDPK13L-mediated phosphorylation of JrERF113L promotes walnut resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

Plant physiology·2026
Same author

SOX18 knockdown inhibits colorectal cancer metastasis and angiogenesis through regulation of SAPK/JNK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways.

Journal of gastrointestinal oncology·2026
Same author

Research Progress on the Relationship Between Gastrointestinal Diseases and Neural Nuclei in Animal Models.

Journal of integrative neuroscience·2026
Same author

Distinct Metabolic Fates of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q in Rice under Root and Foliar Exposure Pathways.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same author

Respiratory modulation of neurophysiology and symptoms in athletes with sports-related concussion: a randomized crossover trial.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
12:14

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

21.7K

Geometrical misalignment-induced nonlinear error in homodyne interferometers.

Zichao Lin, Jingtong Feng, Yize Wu

    Optics Express
    |November 14, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary

    Geometric misalignments in homodyne interferometers cause novel periodic nonlinear errors. Segmented elliptical fitting reduces these errors, but picometer-scale nonlinearities remain a challenge for high-accuracy measurements.

    More Related Videos

    Experimental and Data Analysis Workflow for Soft Matter Nanoindentation
    13:04

    Experimental and Data Analysis Workflow for Soft Matter Nanoindentation

    Published on: January 18, 2022

    3.8K
    Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
    16:11

    Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

    Published on: April 26, 2014

    9.3K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 7, 2025

    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
    12:14

    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

    Published on: August 12, 2013

    21.7K
    Experimental and Data Analysis Workflow for Soft Matter Nanoindentation
    13:04

    Experimental and Data Analysis Workflow for Soft Matter Nanoindentation

    Published on: January 18, 2022

    3.8K
    Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
    16:11

    Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

    Published on: April 26, 2014

    9.3K

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Metrology
    • Precision Engineering

    Background:

    • Homodyne interferometers are crucial for high-precision measurements.
    • Geometric misalignments in assembly can introduce systematic errors.
    • Understanding nonlinear errors is key to achieving picometer-level accuracy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the generation of periodic nonlinear errors in homodyne interferometers caused by geometric misalignments.
    • To develop a physical model explaining the observed nonlinearities.
    • To evaluate methods for error calibration and identify residual errors.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a physical model for Gaussian beam interference under misalignment.
    • Analysis of interference signal modulation and Lissajous figures.
    • Numerical simulations and experimental validation.
    • Application of segmented elliptical fitting for calibration.

    Main Results:

    • Geometric misalignments lead to dynamic beam misplacement and periodic nonlinear errors.
    • A strong correlation exists between signal modulation, Lissajous patterns, and mirror movement.
    • Segmented elliptical fitting effectively calibrates vortex trajectories and reduces primary nonlinear errors.
    • Picometer-scale second-order nonlinear errors were identified through numerical simulations.

    Conclusions:

    • Geometric misalignments are a significant source of novel nonlinear errors in homodyne interferometers.
    • While calibration methods reduce errors, residual nonlinearities persist at the picometer scale.
    • Further research into these mechanisms is essential for advancing interferometry to picometer accuracy.