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Related Experiment Video

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Sex Estimation Using Heel-Ball Index: A Metric-Based Comparative Study on Foot and Footprint Dimensions.

Suraj S Shetty, M A S Ananthan, Varsha A Shetty

    Academic Forensic Pathology
    |November 14, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary

    The Heel-Ball Index (HBI) and foot dimensions show significant sexual dimorphism in young Indian adults. Absolute foot measurements (BBAL, BHEL) are more reliable for sex estimation than the HBI ratio.

    Keywords:
    AnthropologyDimorphicHeel–Ball IndexIdentificationSex estimation

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    Area of Science:

    • Forensic Anthropology
    • Biometrics
    • Human Identification

    Background:

    • Sexual dimorphism is crucial for individual identification.
    • Body dimensions aid in establishing biological profiles.
    • Foot dimensions offer potential for forensic identification.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the reliability of the Heel-Ball Index (HBI) for sex estimation using foot and footprint dimensions.
    • To investigate the potential of standardized foot dimensions and indices in sex estimation.
    • To compare the accuracy of absolute measurements versus the HBI ratio for sex determination.

    Main Methods:

    • Study included 112 young Indian adults (56 males, 56 females) aged 18-22.
    • Measured foot breadth at ball (BBAL) and foot breadth at heel (BHEL) using digital calipers.
    • Collected data from both foot and footprint dimensions for both feet.

    Main Results:

    • Significant sexual dimorphism was observed in BBAL, BHEL, and HBI measurements for both sexes.
    • The HBI showed higher accuracy for foot dimensions compared to footprint dimensions.
    • Absolute foot dimensions (BBAL and BHEL) provided more accurate sex estimation than the HBI ratio.

    Conclusions:

    • Foot dimensions exhibit reliable sexual dimorphism in the studied population.
    • Absolute foot measurements are superior to the HBI for sex estimation.
    • This research contributes to forensic anthropology and biometric identification methods.