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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
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    Measles vaccination averted millions of deaths, but global coverage stalled, leading to a 20% rise in cases and outbreaks. Urgent efforts are needed to reach all children with two measles vaccine doses to achieve elimination.

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Immunization

    Background:

    • Measles is a highly contagious viral illness requiring high population immunity for control.
    • Measles vaccination is a critical public health intervention to prevent severe complications and death.
    • Global efforts to eliminate measles have been ongoing, with significant progress in averting deaths.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the progress and challenges in global measles elimination from 2000 to 2023.
    • To analyze trends in measles vaccination coverage and incidence.
    • To identify factors hindering measles elimination and recommend strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of global measles vaccination coverage data (MCV1) from 2000-2023.
    • Review of estimated measles cases and deaths worldwide.
    • Assessment of outbreak trends and geographical distribution.
    • Examination of vaccination coverage in different socioeconomic and conflict settings.

    Main Results:

    • An estimated 60.3 million measles deaths were averted between 2000 and 2023.
    • Despite commitments, no WHO region achieved measles elimination by end of 2023.
    • Global MCV1 coverage declined during the COVID-19 pandemic and stagnated at 83% in 2022-2023.
    • Measles cases increased by 20% globally from 2022 to 2023, with more countries experiencing large outbreaks.
    • Measles deaths decreased by 8% in 2023, but this was influenced by case distribution in lower-risk settings.
    • Lower vaccination coverage and higher incidence persist in low-income and fragile settings, exacerbating inequities.

    Conclusions:

    • Stagnant measles vaccine coverage leaves millions of children vulnerable, fueling increased cases and outbreaks.
    • Progress towards measles elimination is threatened by coverage gaps, particularly in vulnerable populations.
    • Strengthened surveillance and targeted efforts to ensure universal two-dose measles vaccination are crucial for achieving elimination goals.