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Controversies in Artificial Intelligence in Neurosurgery.

Recai Yilmaz¹, Samuel Browd², Daniel A Donoho¹

¹Division of Neurosurgery, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20010, USA.

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America

|November 14, 2024

Summary

Artificial intelligence (AI) enhances neurosurgery by improving perioperative safety and efficiency. Key applications span diagnosis, intraoperative guidance, and skills assessment, though ethical and data concerns require careful consideration.

Keywords:

Artificial intelligence Intraoperative Neurosurgery Surgical practice Surgical training Technical skills

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Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Medical Technology
Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transitioning from theoretical concept to practical application in various fields.
Neurosurgery is actively exploring AI integration to optimize patient care and surgical outcomes.
The perioperative process in neurosurgery presents opportunities for AI-driven enhancements.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current and potential applications of AI in neurosurgery.
To highlight AI's role in improving perioperative safety and efficiency.
To identify challenges and considerations for AI implementation in neurosurgical workflows.

Main Methods:

Literature review of AI applications in neurosurgery.
Analysis of AI's impact on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases.
Discussion of ethical, regulatory, and data-related challenges.

Main Results:

AI is currently used for preoperative diagnosis, intraoperative decision support, and skills assessment.
AI demonstrates potential to significantly improve neurosurgical safety and efficiency.
Significant ethical, cybersecurity, privacy, and data ownership issues must be addressed.

Conclusions:

AI offers transformative potential for neurosurgery.
Successful integration requires proactive management of ethical and logistical challenges.
Further research and policy development are needed for responsible AI adoption in neurosurgery.